BACKGROUNDER
November 7, 2006
SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO WINS 49 EARLY RESEARCHER AWARDS
Under the Early Researcher Award (ERA) program, the Ontario government is investing $51 million over five years in the next generation of researchers. In this second round of the program, more than $14 million will be awarded to leading early career researchers working in 10 communities across the province. In Southwestern Ontario, 49 researchers at seven institutions received the awards for research in a wide range of fields.
GUELPH
University of Guelph
Dr. Kathryn Preuss
Design and Synthesis of Molecular Magnets and Switches: Materials for the Future
Dr. Kathryn Preuss of the University of Guelph will use an Early Researcher Award to develop molecular magnets as prototypes for future key components in quantum computers.. The new designs may be exploited in the future development of "spintronics," an emerging field of nanoscale electronics that takes advantage of the quantum mechanical property called the "spin" of the conducting electrons. Dr. Preuss and her team are also working on new, molecule-based switches for the future development of materials such as lightweight, high-tech coatings with memory. The materials' magnetic, conductive and optical properties can be manipulated making them useful as digital memory components, safety coatings and cosmetic paints. Dr. Preuss received her Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry from the University of Waterloo, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Guelph.
Dr. Milena Corredig
Proteins Supramolecular Assemblies at Interfaces
Consumer interest in soy-based foods continues to grow. But, while nutritional studies show the health benefits of soy protein, food product developers still face problems with soy instability (particularly in emulsification), changes in texture and flavour, or unpredictable processing behaviour when incorporating soy protein into processed foods. With an Early Researcher Award, Dr. Milena Corredig and her team at the University of Guelph will use soybean protein as the model to study how macromolecules (very large molecules found in proteins) absorbed at the interface of oil and water affect the stability of emulsions. Their work will help to expand the use of healthy soy protein in emulsified foods. Dr. Corredig received her Ph.D. in Food Science from the University of Guelph, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Food Science at the University of Guelph.
Dr. Elena Choleris
Neurobiology of Social Cognition, Social Learning and Social Memory in Rodents
In recent years, the increasing incidence of autism has put the spotlight on behavioural science. With an Early Researcher Award, Dr. Elena Choleris and her research team at the University of Guelph will use rodent models (mice, rats, gerbils) to study how the brain processes social information and regulates social behaviour. A better understanding of the neurobiology of rodent social behaviour may improve our understanding of human social behaviour; including disorders of sociality such as, autism, social phobia, schizophrenia and depression. This understanding will help develop novel treatments to support behavioural therapies for these disorders. Dr. Choleris received her Ph.D. in Animal Biology-Ethology from the University of Parma, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Guelph.
Dr. Marc Coppolino
Characterization of SNARE Function in the Regulation of Cell Migration
Non-metastatic cancers, characterized by tumours confined to their primary site of growth, can generally be managed with early detection and surgical removal. By contrast, metastatic or malignant cancers, in which tumour cells migrate away from the primary tumour and spread throughout the body, are much more difficult to treat. Dr. Marc Coppolino and his research team at the University of Guelph are investigating the function of proteins within cells that control cell movement and may be a key factor in the progression of cancer. The results of Dr. Coppolino's research will help to identify cellular molecules that could eventually be targeted to stop the spread of some cancers. Dr. Coppolino received his Ph.D. in Medical Biophysics from the University of Toronto, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of Guelph.
Dr. Lewis Lukens
Investigating the Genomic Basis for Plant Growth Under Water stress
When plants sense low water conditions, growth quickly slows or ceases. This adaptation works well in nature, but limits the yield in corn and other agricultural crops. With the overall goal of improving crop yields and productivity, Dr. Lewis Lukens and his team of researchers at the University of Guelph are studying genetically pure maize plants that are resistant to water scarcity. Using a new technology, they will identify genes, clusters of genes and DNA sequences that could lead to greatly enhanced crop yields in Ontario. Dr. Lukens received his Ph.D. in Plant Biology Genetics Concentration from the University of Minnesota, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Plant Agriculture at the University of Guelph.
Dr. Michele Oliver
Development of Virtual Prototyping Tools to Reduce Repetitive Strain Injuries
Heavy equipment operators in industries such as forestry, mining and construction control their vehicles with hydraulic joysticks. But few studies have examined the effects that joystick movements have on the human body. Work requiring small, precise movements of the arms over long periods is thought to predispose workers to muscle tenderness and shoulder strain. Dr. Michele Oliver and her research team at the University of Guelph will develop computer tools to quickly assess the long-term safety of joysticks and other hand tools. Dr. Oliver's research will provide information and tools to reduce repetitive strain and overuse injuries in heavy machinery operators. Dr. Oliver received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering (Biomechanics) from the University of New Brunswick, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the School of Engineering at the University of Guelph.
Dr. David W. Kribs
Mathematical Aspects of Quantum Error Correction
Experimental prototypes of the quantum mechanical computer have already been built, and it is only a matter of time before they will process billions of calculations simultaneously. These amazing possibilities face challenges including "errors" that disrupt quantum systems as they evolve in time. Dr. David W. Kribs and a team at the University of Guelph will use a mathematical approach to find new techniques for error correction and maximize the potential of quantum computers. Since their work is interdisciplinary, it will offer opportunities to apply tools from physics and computer science to these problems. Dr. Kribs received his Ph.D. in Pure Mathematics from the University of Waterloo, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Guelph, as well as an Affiliate Member of both the Institute for Quantum Computing and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo.
HAMILTON
McMaster University
Dr. Alba Guarné
Structural and Functional Analysis of Proteins Involved in DNA Metabolism
Every cell has the ability to replicate, divide and condense its chromosomal DNA and correct any mistakes that occur during these processes. The astonishingly high accuracy of cells in transferring their genetic information to the offspring reflects the coordination and precise control of DNA replication and DNA mismatch repair. Research in Dr. Guamé's laboratory is aimed at understanding how these key processes are regulated. Her team uses a multidisciplinary approach that combines genetics, biochemistry and structural biology, in particular X-ray crystallography, to clarify how molecular defects in DNA replication and mismatch repair proteins, lead to cellular malfunction and disease. Dr. Guarné received her Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the University of Barcelona, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences at McMaster University.
Dr. Sigal Balshine
Impacts of the Round Goby, a New Invasive Species in Lake Ontario's Ecosystem
The bottom-feeding round goby invaded Lake Ontario in 1998, after being introduced to other Great Lakes by trans-oceanic ships. Little is known about the impact of this rapidly multiplying fish that feeds on mussels that can accumulate large amounts of toxins. Dr. Sigal Balshine leads a research project that examines the effects of this invasive species on native fish and the spread of PCBs and other toxins in Lake Ontario. The work will provide key insights into the process of species invasion and its impact on conservation measures. Dr. Balshine received her Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Cambridge, and is currently the Canada Research Chair in Aquatic Behavioural Ecology and an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour at McMaster University.
Dr. Steve Hranilovic
Wireless Optical Communication Systems
Wireless networks that use optical radiation offer users a high-speed, secure link, which unlike other media, is free of spectral licensing issues. Dr. Steve Hranilovic and a team at McMaster University are developing theory, algorithms and prototypes to allow high-rate data transmission on indoor wireless and outdoor free-space optical channels. Techniques developed will greatly improve both the rate of data transfer and network ranges. The technology will allow extensive distribution of broadband services in both urban and remote communities, without the expense of constructing extensive fibre networks. Dr. Hranilovic received his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of Toronto, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at McMaster University.
Dr. Charu Kaushic
Understanding the Interaction of Sexually Transmitted Viruses in the Female Genital Tract
Sexually transmitted infections are a leading cause of death worldwide and a burden on health care systems. Clinical evidence shows that women are more susceptible than men to sexually transmitted viruses such as herpes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chlamydia. But very little is known about why this is the case. Dr. Charu Kaushic of McMaster University will use an Early Researcher Award to investigate how the female genital tract interacts with sexually transmitted viruses and the immune system. The research done by Dr. Kaushic and her team will have an important impact on women's reproductive health by helping to develop new vaccines, the most cost-effective way to control these infections. Dr. Kaushic received her Ph.D. in Immunology from the National Institute of Immunology at New Delhi, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine at McMaster University.
Dr. Romyar Sharifi
Investigations in the Theory of Numbers
Number theory is a major branch of modern mathematics that originated in ancient times with attempts to solve basic problems such as determining prime numbers. Today, number theory plays a crucial role in technology, such as the public-key encryption systems used to secure information exchanged over the Internet. Dr. Romyar Sharifi leads a team of researchers that is exploring intricate connections among a wide variety of mathematical objects. Their work in pure mathematics is vital to future scientific and technological advances in Ontario. Dr. Sharifi received his Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Chicago, and is currently an Assistant Professor and the Canada Research Chair in Number Theory in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at McMaster University.
Dr. Peter Margetts
Early Events in Fibrosis
Fibrosis is the formation of scar tissue, a central process leading to the damage and failure of organs like the lungs, liver, heart and kidneys. Early events in fibrosis include a process called "epithelial mesenchymal transition" (EMT). Dr. Peter Margetts and a team at McMaster University will use models of fibrosis to decipher EMT and define its key processes. Their work could lead to new therapies to prevent progressive organ fibrosis and failure in numerous life-threatening diseases, including renal failure, lung fibrosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. Dr. Margetts received his Ph.D. in Medical Science from McMaster University, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine at McMaster University.
Dr. Joaquin Ortega
Cell Housekeeping Enzymes: Our Guardian Angels Against Dementia
In neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease a deficient cellular "housekeeping team" is responsible for causing accumulation of plaques that lead to neuronal death. Dr. Joaquin Ortega leads a team of researchers at McMaster University that is studying the principal member of this "housekeeping team", the proteasome. His study of the activation mechanisms of the proteasome pursues a full understanding of this system, which in turn, will provide a better knowledge of the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Dr. Ortega received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from the National Research Council (CSIC-Spain), and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences at McMaster University.
Dr. Deda Gillespie
Neonatal Development of Auditory Neural Circuits
The neural networks our nervous systems use to process sensory information are not hard-wired, but are created and modified through neuronal activity and specific developmental mechanisms. When these networks malfunction, they can produce developmental auditory disorders and language and learning difficulties (such as dyslexia) that can greatly influence quality of life. A group of researchers at McMaster University led by Dr. Deda Gillespie is investigating how the immature auditory system organizes neural circuits. Their work will produce new insights into the development of auditory perception with applications for a range of disorders from dyslexia to epilepsy. Dr. Gillespie received her Ph.D. in Neuroscience from the University of California at San Francisco, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour at McMaster University.
Dr. Darren R. Gröcke
Assessing and Quantifying Polluted Sediment in Lake Ontario: Implications for Remediation and Provincial Spending
Current Canadian efforts to clean up Lake Ontario focus on four areas of concern around major urban areas. Dr. Darren R. Gröcke of McMaster University will examine the severity and underlying causes of environmental pollution in other areas of the lake including around smaller towns and recreation areas. Dr. Gröcke and his research team will use geochemical and geomagnetic tools to map the thickness and extent of sediment contamination caused by humans. The results of this project will help in developing cost-effective plans to clean up Lake Ontario and other areas in the Great Lakes Basin, as well as northern lakes which are also becoming areas of concern. Dr. Gröcke received his Ph.D. in Geochemistry from the University of Oxford, and is currently an Associate Professor in the School of Geography and Earth Sciences at McMaster University.
LONDON
The University of Western Ontario
Dr. Paul J. Ragogna
New Inorganic Molecules and Materials
The field of inorganic materials chemistry is at the forefront of scientific research and has significant industrial applications. Dr. Paul Ragogna and his team will use an Early Researcher Award to develop new polymers and ionic liquids, materials that are formed by combining different elements. The aim of the research is to identify compounds with unusual properties as well as chemical processes that are less detrimental to the environment. This will have a significant impact in the area of polymer sciences and "green" chemistry. Dr. Ragogna received his Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry from Dalhousie University, and is currently an Assistant Professor of Inorganic Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Trevor Birmingham
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: Reducing Physical Disability by Enhancing Joint and Muscle Function
Joint and muscle disorders are a leading cause of pain and physical disability world-wide. Knee osteoarthritis alone costs Canada more than $4 billion annually in lost productivity and use of the health care system. Dr. Trevor Birmingham at the University of Western Ontario in London will use an Early Researcher Award to develop better rehabilitation treatments to reduce physical disability. Dr. Birmingham and his team at the University's School of Physical Therapy and Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic will use a combination of laboratory-based measures that apply state-of-the-art instruments to test joint and muscle function, and the clinical evaluation of patients to assess rehabilitative interventions. This will help decrease the burden of musculoskeletal disability on individuals, as well as reduce the impact that these disorders have on our economy. Dr. Birmingham received his Ph.D. in Kinesiology from the University of Western Ontario, and is currently an Associate Professor in the School of Physical Therapy at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Wing-Yiu Choy
Naturally "Disordered" Proteins and Diseases
Statistics tell us that approximately one in every four Canadians will die of cancer. Scientists have determined that "disordered" proteins in macromolecules (very large molecules) play a role in cancer, as well as in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's. These "disordered" proteins differ from regular, three-dimensional proteins. Dr. Wing-Yiu Choy and his research team at the University of Western Ontario will use an Early Researcher Award to perform detailed studies to better understand the structure of these disease-related proteins and how they function. Dr. Choy's research could lead to breakthroughs in new drugs and therapies for cancer and other diseases. Dr. Choy received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from McGill University, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Blaine A. Chronik
Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Systems
In diagnosing diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and memory disorders, doctors must be able to see both soft tissue images and images of how a patient's biological system is functioning. Currently, this is done with two separate systems: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET.) Dr. Blaine Chronik and his research team at the University of Western Ontario are developing a new technology to combine these two systems into one. Initially, this dual mode scanner will be used for imaging on small animals. Dr. Chronik's project is expected to lead to an advanced biomedical imaging system for use in human health care. Dr. Chronik received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Western Ontario, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Mellissa Mann
Assisted Reproduction: Molecular and Developmental Effects of In Vitro Embryo Culture
Evidence suggests that children conceived with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) may develop genetic disorders. This may be related to using ARTs during a crucial stage in embryo development. Dr. Mellissa Mann and her team at the University of Western Ontario will investigate in vitro embryo culture in a mouse models to determine the effects of ARTs on genomic imprinting and development. Dr. Mann's research will provide a better understanding into optimal times and optimal in vitro culture systems for promoting normal development of the fetus and child. Dr. Mann received her Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Toronto, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Biochemistry at the University of Western Ontario, and Scientist at the Children's Health Research Institute.
Dr. John K. McCormick
Molecular Biology of Streptococcal Superantigen Toxins
Every year approximately 500 Canadians are stricken by invasive diseases caused by group A streptococci. These include necrotizing fasciitis ("flesh-eating disease") and toxic shock syndrome. The high fatality rates and long recovery periods indicate that new therapies are required. A better understanding of streptococcal virulence is necessary to develop alterative treatments. Dr. John K. McCormick of the Lawson Health Research Institute and the University of Western Ontario will study how a group of potent bacterial toxins (superantigens) produced from pathogenic streptococci and staphylococci interact with human white blood cells. This research will lead to new treatments for advanced stages of toxic shock syndrome, and anti-cancer therapies that will use immune cells to target specific tumours. Dr. McCormick received his Ph.D. in Microbiology and Biotechnology from the University of Alberta, and is currently a Scientist with the Lawson Health Research Institute and an Assistant Professor in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Andrew Leask
Cures for Scarring Diseases
Various diseases cause scarring, which is a natural result of tissue repair. However, in some patients scarring is uncontrolled and can cause fibrotic disease, which can lead to organ failure and death. Approximately 35 per cent of health care costs in Canada are due to diseases involving fibrosis, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease and liver cirrhosis. Dr. Andrew Leask and his research team at the University of Western Ontario will study the causes of scleroderma, a chronic scarring disease affecting the skin and internal organs. Dr. Leask's research aims to identify specific proteins that can be targeted by therapeutic drugs to treat scarring in fibrotic diseases, but with minimal side effects. Dr. Leask received his Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics from the University of Chicago, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Oral Biology at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Nathan D. Jones
Laboratory for Asymmetric Catalysis and Nanomaterials Research
Just as a person's hands are mirror images of one another, many molecules are also "handed" or chiral. Chiral molecules are important because they are the building blocks of much of nature, for example, DNA, proteins, and sugars. Many chemical interactions, such as those between drugs and their specific targets in the body, depend upon recognizing the correct "hand" of a chiral molecule. The other mirror-imaged "hand" of a chiral molecule is not recognized and is rejected in a chemical interaction. Dr. Nathan Jones and his team will use an Early Researcher Award to develop methods to selectively produce the proper "hands" of chiral molecules that are of pharmaceutical relevance. Dr. Jones received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of British Columbia, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Christopher G. Guglielmo
The Physiological Ecology of Migratory Birds and Bats
Migration can be risky and physically demanding for birds and bats. Migratory birds fly with an intensity that is twice the maximum aerobic capacity of a running animal. Dr. Christopher Guglielmo at the University of Western Ontario will use an Early Researcher Award to investigate how birds and bats store and use body fat during demanding, long-distance flights. This could help in the understanding of human diseases such as obesity and diabetes. The research will also examine the "stop-overs" that these animals make to refuel while migrating. Dr. Guglielmo received his Ph.D. in Biological Sciences from Simon Fraser University, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. David R. Edgell
Mobile Genetic Elements as Facilitators of Genome Evolution
The human genome is predominantly composed of junk DNA, DNA that does not appear to have any apparent function. Some junk DNA consists of discrete units called mobile genetic elements that function to promote their own distribution within the human genome. In doing so, however, mobile genetic elements can profoundly influence genome integrity and human health by altering vital genetic sequences. Dr. David Edgell will use an Early Researcher Award to examine the molecular mechanisms that mobile genetic elements use to promote their spread, and the consequences of their insertion into genes. This research has implications for understanding the structure and function of the human genome. Dr. Edgell received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from Dalhousie University, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Paul Wiegert
Meteoroid Observation and Analysis: Investigating Our Solar System's Early Ingredients
Meteoroids are the last remaining "crumbs" of the original ingredients that became our solar system. They contain a wealth of information about the birth of our solar system, the origin of life, and the possibility that life exists elsewhere. Dr. Paul Wiegert and his research team at the University of Western Ontario will use an Early Researcher Award to staff an automated video meteor observing system being built near London, Ontario. Over the long term, the station will provide extensive information on meteoroids that are near the Earth, and allow a better assessment of any threat they may pose to satellites and spacecraft. Dr. Wiegert received his Ph.D. in Astronomy from the University of Toronto, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Xueliang (Andy) Sun
Development and Application of Novel Nanomaterials for Fuel Cells
World demand for energy is expected to double by 2050. Fuel cells are an efficient form of clean energy that is expected to play a significant role in the future. However the current cost of fuel cells remains high. Dr. Xueliang (Andy) Sun at The University of Western Ontario will use an Early Researcher Award to apply nanotechnology to address the challenges facing current fuel cell technology. Dr. Sun and his research team will use three-dimensional nanomaterial-based fuel cell electrodes that are ideal materials for providing higher catalytic performance and longer operational life for fuel cells. The goal of this project is to produce cheaper fuel cells that could be used in the automobile industry. Dr. Sun received his Ph.D. in Materials Science & Engineering from the University of Manchester, UK, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at The University of Western Ontario.
Dr. Cynthia E. Dunning
Quantifying the Influence of Implant Stem Geometry and Material on Load Transfer and Fixation
Joint replacements have improved the quality of life for many people, but the longevity of these devices is plagued by a phenomenon called "implant loosening." When this occurs, expensive and complicated surgery is required to restore function to a joint replacement. Dr. Cynthia E. Dunning and her research team at the University of Western Ontario will examine the role that design features play in keeping implants in place, and "load transfer" or the way that weight is transferred between the implant and the patient's bones. Dr. Dunning's research will increase the lifespan of joint replacements and patient comfort by identifying how loosening can be reduced or avoided. Dr. Dunning received her Ph.D. in Mechanical and Materials Engineering from the University of Western Ontario and, is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at the University of Western Ontario.
ST. CATHARINES
Brock University
Dr. Kevin Kee
Best Practices for Computer Simulations in History
Leading scholars have called for more use of computers in teaching history and other social sciences. Dr. Kevin Kee at Brock University is leading a study of "serious games" and simulations as educational tools. These interactive software applications take their ideas, skills and techniques from commercial computer games designed for entertainment. Dr. Kee and his research team will work with an Ontario educational software company to create a prototype 3D simulation that is set in historic London. This project aims to determine the "best practices" for designing digital media that will allow students to look at history more analytically. Dr. Kee received his Ph.D. in History from Queen's University, and is currently Canada Research Chair in Digital Humanities and Assistant Professor in the Department of History at Brock University.
WATERLOO
Perimeter Institute
Dr. Freddy Cachazo
Taming the Strong Interactions: Perturbative and Non-Perturbative Methods
Much of our current understanding about nature is based on theories in which a particle, like a photon or a gluon, mediates forces among other particles - such as the electromagnetic force between electrons or the strong interaction between quarks. Although physicists find these theories simple to express, it is usually very difficult to extract useful information from them. Dr. Freddy Cachazo and a team of researchers at Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics are developing new techniques to help fill the gap between the elegant formulation of theories and the wealth of predictions they should provide. Investigation of nature at this atomic and subatomic level creates new insights that have, in the past, led to technological change and, today, continue to be of growing importance in many areas including the next levels of micro-technology such as ultra-precision manufacturing. Dr. Cachazo received his Ph.D. in High Energy Physics from Harvard University, and is currently a Faculty member in the String Theory Group at Perimeter Institute.
Dr. Thomas Thiemann
Cosmology and Fundamental Physics
Along with giving us a profound understanding of the universe, theoretical physics has led to virtually all of the technological advances we enjoy, from lasers and cell phones to GPS systems and MRI scans. Dr. Thomas Thiemann leads a team at Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics that will take advantage of new satellite missions that will deliver highly precise cosmological data over the next five to 10 years. The project will enable researchers to gain insight into the laws of physics at the most fundamental level. Dr. Thiemann received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Aachen in Germany, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics at the University of Waterloo and Associate Member at Perimeter Institute.
University of Waterloo
Dr. James Danckert
Rediscovering the Left-Examining Deficits of Temporal and Spatial Processes in Patients with Neglect
Injury to the right half of the brain from a stroke often leads to a disorder known as "neglect", where the patient fails to acknowledge their left side. They behave as if one half of their world has ceased to exist, not eating food on the left side of a plate and ignoring events in the left side of space. Current treatment for this debilitating condition includes the use of prisms, to shift the patient's perception to the neglected space. Dr. James Danckert and his research team at the University of Waterloo will use behavioural and brain imaging techniques to explore time and space perception after the use of prisms. This work offers great potential to develop more efficient forms of rehabilitation. Dr. Danckert received his Ph.D. in Neuroscience from La Trobe University, and is currently an Adjunct Assistant Professor and Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience at the University of Waterloo's Institute on Aging.
Dr. Mohamed Oussama Damen
Enhanced Sequential Decoding in MIMO Links
Reliable communication over wireless channels has major importance in today's world. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, a mathematical model for communication systems with antenna arrays, is the primary focus of research in this proposal. Dr. Mohamed Oussama Damen will use an Early Researcher Award to enhance the quality and quantity of data and voice communications over wireless channels using MIMO technology with enhanced decoders to make better use of precious bandwidth. Dr. Oussama Damen received his Ph.D. in Electronics and Communications from Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications de Paris, and is currently an Assistant Professor and NSERC/Nortel Associate Chair in Advanced Telecommunication Technologies in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Ladan Tahvildari
A Self-healing Framework to Enable Adaptive Software Systems
Anyone who has used a computer is all too familiar with the term "crash". Most software operates in an environment that is not always well defined or predictable. By incorporating self-healing capabilities into software systems, Dr. Ladan Tahvildari, with her research team at Software Technologies Applied Research Laboratory aim to make them robust in handling unexpected changes. The project will investigate, develop and design a novel self-healing framework that will detect improper operations of applications, transactions and business processes, and correct the problem without disrupting users. The project includes the production of prototypes for external evaluation and use. Dr. Tahvildari received her Ph.D. in Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Tze-Wei (John) Yeow
Microelectromechanical Systems and Nanotechnology-based Devices for Biomedical Applications
The development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods has fuelled investigation of new clinical techniques and invention of novel biomedical instruments. This intense global interest stems from the pursuit to find new cures for terminal diseases and to invent new instruments for improving the quality-of-life through early and effective detections. This proposal focuses on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology, the technology of the extremely small. The technology merges at the nanoscale level with nanotechnology. Dr. Tze-Wei (John) Yeow will use an Early Researcher Award and apply MEMS and nanotechnology to fundamentally improve biomedical devices for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Dr. Yeow received his Ph.D. in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering from the University of Toronto, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Systems Design Engineering at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Richard Staines
Human Motor Control: Implications for Stroke Recovery
With stroke affecting more than 50,000 Canadians and costing more than $2.7 billion in health care expenditures each year, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to reduce disability and prevent subsequent stroke. At the University of Waterloo, Dr. Richard Staines and his team of researchers will study how central nervous system networks adapt following a brain injury. This data will be used to assist in the development of new treatments and training devices that will improve the sensorimotor control of patients. Sensorimotor control is an essential component of daily living such as washing, dressing, and meal preparation. Dr. Staines received his Ph.D. in Biophysics from the University of Guelph, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Kinesiology and Canada Research Chair in Sensorimotor Control at the University of Waterloo.
Professor Gregor Weihs
Quantum Communication
Professor Gregor Weihs of the University of Waterloo will use an Early Researcher Award to study what many agree is the future of information technology, quantum communication. Quantum computers will be able to solve problems that are intractable on conventional computers while providing absolute data security. This project will focus on a central element of quantum communication technology: sources of single photons and photon pairs. The work being done by Professor Weihs could be the building blocks of future quantum communication networks. Dr. Weihs received his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Vienna, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Institute for Quantum Computing at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Leonard Tsuji
The Implementation of a Culturally-Appropriate Web-Based Tool to Assess Food Intake and Physical Activity Behaviour in First Nation Schoolchildren, as Related to Obesity and Diabetes
The rising prevalence of obesity and Type 2 diabetes is associated with poor diet and lack of physical activity. The problem is especially serious among First Nations youth living in isolated communities who often don't have access to relevant information on appropriate food choices and physical activity programs. Dr. Leonard Tsuji and a team at the University of Waterloo will implement a culturally appropriate survey of diet and physical activity that will provide data for remote communities. Dr. Tsuji received his Doctor of Dental Surgery from the University of Toronto and his Ph.D. from York University, and is currently an Associate Professor of Environment and Health in the Department of Environment and Resource Studies at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Monica Emelko
Safe Drinking Water Technology Development and Optimization for Pathogen Removal
Public drinking water supplies are often treated with multiple specialized processes, to ensure that numerous disease-causing pathogens are eliminated. These multiple treatments can be costly, especially for small communities and in developing countries where water is a precious commodity. At the University of Waterloo, a research team led by Dr. Monica Emelko will develop and optimize conventional and emerging technologies to produce safe drinking water. The work will contribute directly to the protection of public health by developing more cost-effective methods of water treatment and will encourage the development of new environmental technologies. Dr. Emelko holds two B.S. degrees in engineering from MIT and an M.S. from UCLA. She received her Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from the University of Waterloo, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Michael Balogh
The Cosmic Cradle: A study of Small, Distant Galaxies
Scientists continue to explore the origins and the size of our universe, but some small, far-away galaxies have been too faint for observation, even with the world's largest telescopes. Dr. Michael Balogh and his international team will use an Early Researcher Award to observe what he calls "the Cosmic Cradle" and study the early stages of galaxy formation. Using new techniques and the latest telescopes, Dr. Balogh's research will measure the rate of star formation in the faintest galaxies ever detected. The goal is to ensure accurate measurements of the growth of stellar mass in different environments. Dr. Balogh received his Ph.D. in Physics and Astronomy from the University of Victoria, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Eric Fillion
Expedient and Modular Entries into Bioactive Natural Products and Analogues
In our world of aging baby boomers and rapidly spreading contagious diseases such as SARS, the demand for new drugs quickly continues to grow. Dr. Eric Fillion at the University of Waterloo is using an Early Researcher Award to develop new technologies, including "domino" processes, to speed up drug discovery. Dr. Fillion and his team will use an Early Researcher Award to reduce the number of steps required to allow rapid access to medically important compounds and biologically active natural products needed for the development of new or improved medicines. Pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies can use these new technologies, thereby reducing the production costs of manufacturing drugs. Dr. Fillion received his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry from the University of Toronto, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Daniel Brown
Information Discovery in Biological sequences
Genetic research offers tremendous hope for people suffering from a wide variety of diseases and ailments. While genomic sequencing projects are creating a huge wealth of raw data, the technology needed to understand the data has not kept pace. Dr. Daniel Brown and a team of researchers at the University of Waterloo are closing this gap by developing new ideas and software to understand DNA and protein sequences. This project focuses on finding genes, interpreting the structure of membrane proteins, and identifying evolutionary sequences. The new tools developed from this research will be used to better understand genetic diseases and develop individualized medical interventions. Dr. Brown received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Cornell University, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Jan Kycia
Studying and Applying Quantum Effects in Superconducting Devices
Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are currently the most sensitive sensors of magnetic fields. For example, a SQUID can detect a change in magnetic field as little as 100 billion times weaker than the earth's magnetic field which is responsible for moving compass needles. Dr. Jan Kycia is leading a research team at the University of Waterloo that is dedicated to making these devices even better by studying the intrinsic noise that is currently a significant obstacle for their use in quantum computing. The research will also produce new measurement techniques that could be used in everything from medical scans to mineral exploration. Dr. Kycia received his Ph.D. in Physics from Northwestern University, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Kate Larson
Multiagent Negotiation Mechanisms for Resource-bounded Environments
As we move to open computing systems, as embodied by the Internet, we are faced with situations where the users of these systems have diverging information and interests. In particular, these users are self-interested and will act to further their own goals, irrespective of the desires of others; neither is it reasonable to assume that a system designer is able to force the users to behave in some socially optimal way. Using artificial intelligence, game theory and microeconomics, Dr. Kate Larson and a team of researchers at the University of Waterloo will study and design protocols that are robust when faced with users' self-interest and are applicable in computational settings. A driving application of this research program is the design of electronic marketplaces, however this research will also provide a foundation for studying and using game-theoretic and economic approaches in other information technology settings. Dr. Larson received her Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science at the University of Waterloo.
Dr. Ashwin Nayak
Efficient Quantum Algorithms and Protocols
Experimental prototypes of the quantum mechanical computer have already been built, and it is only a matter of time before they will process billions of calculations simultaneously. This tremendous increase in computing power will obviously be of benefit. At the same time, these same quantum computers could be used to "crack" the most sophisticated data encryption schemes. Dr. Ashwin Nayak and a team of researchers at the University of Waterloo will devise new procedures that use the power of quantum computing to solve a variety of problems such as those in statistical physics, and also devise protocols for cryptography that ensure the strongest possible security. Dr. Nayak received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley, and is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Combinatorics and Optimization at the University of Waterloo.
WINDSOR
University of Windsor
Dr. Tricia Breen Carmichael
Self-Assembled Monolayers on Ultrasmooth Surfaces
Microelectronic devices are rapidly shrinking into the nano-scale realm and require increasingly thin barrier layers to protect their components. If these barriers are not thin enough to isolate components from oxidation and diffusion, particularly the copper interconnects used in integrated circuits; the devices won't work as effectively. With an Early Researcher Award, Dr. Tricia Breen Carmichael of the University of Windsor will study self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), extremely thin organic films that form spontaneously on surfaces and could serve as barrier layers for future nano-electronic devices. Because SAMs are more effective on smooth surfaces, Dr. Carmichael will explore an industrial technique called "chemical-mechanical polishing" for polishing surfaces to nearly atomic smoothness. Dr. Carmichael received her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Windsor, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Windsor.
Dr. Charles Lloyd Bergstrom Macdonald
Low Oxidation State Chemistry: Unique Routes to New Phosphorus-Containing Polymers
Polymers, materials formed by combining different elements, are one of the most abundant and useful materials in the world, primarily because their versatile properties lend them to many industrial and domestic applications. Dr. Charles Lloyd Bergstrom Macdonald and his research team at the University of Windsor will focus on synthesizing and developing new families of phosphorus-containing polymers (plastics). These new polymers will have substantially different properties from conventional, carbon-based plastics that are currently used for everything from packaging food to making foam mattresses. Some of the new materials Dr. Macdonald and his team are developing may be flame-retardant and others may eventually help the environment by identifying and removing metal pollutants. Dr. Macdonald received his Ph.D in Chemistry from Dalhousie University, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Windsor.
Dr. Robert W. Schurko
Probing Metal Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysts with Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Heterogeneous catalysts, which are generally described as small metal particles or metal-containing molecules supported on solid materials, are widely used in the petrochemical, automotive, and chemical manufacturing industries to produce a wide variety of materials, including plastics, polymers, fibers, lubricants and pharmaceuticals. In many cases, the reaction properties and efficiency of the catalyst are determined by its molecular architecture. Dr. Robert W. Schurko and a team at the University of Windsor will use solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the structure of catalytic molecules. The work will focus on probing the active metal sites of the catalysts, and will provide an understanding of the catalytic mechanisms as well as assisting in the rational design of cleaner, more economical catalytic processes. Dr. Schurko received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Dalhousie University, and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Windsor.
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